1. Introduction VHDL
VHDL stands for VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits) Hardware Description Language. In the mid-1980’s the U.S. Department of Defense and the IEEE sponsored the...
Graphics with Direct Memory Access
Drawing pictures on the screen using the bios interrupts is all very easy, but when push comes to shove, its also very, very slow as...
Some Basic Graphics
Switching Screen Modes The interrupt used for switching between screen modes, and for all graphics work is interrupt 10h. Subfunction 0 of this interrupt sets...
Mathematical Operators
Increment and Decrement These are two of the most basic and useful instructions in the instruction set. The instruction “inc” adds one to the parameter,...
Variables and Strings
In this the fourth tutorial we will cover how do allocate space in memory for variables in out programs and also how output messages on...
Labels and Jumps
Labels Labels are names which are used to identify various pieces of code. In effect they give a name to a particular location in an...
The MOV and INT Instructions
The MOV Instruction The MOV instruction is the instruction which will appear more than any other in an assembler program. All that is does is...
The 8086 Chip
Before beginning to write programs in assembler, you need to know a few things about the chip for which you are writing the program. This...
Working with MosFet’s
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, or MOSFET for short, is similar in many ways to the junction FET (JFET). Both are voltage-driven unipolar devices that depend...
Field Effect Transistors
Field Effect Transistors (FET’s): Field Effect Transistors (FET’s) are unipolar rather than bipolar devices, and this gives them certain properties that are superior to those...
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